The USDA, which oversees SNAP, first announced a plan to make states share benefit recipient data in a directive issued in May.

Per the Urban Institute, the One Big Beautiful Bill also stipulates that the Thrifty Food Plan, under the auspices of SNAP, must be cost neutral. That plan is one of four USDA-developed food plans that estimates the cost of a healthy diet across various price points.

In a significant legal battle, 21 states and Washington, D.C., led by California and New York, are challenging the Trump administration's demand for sensitive data from SNAP recipients. The lawsuit, filed against the USDA,