Can we, like Alexandre’s puppets, step outside the conditions that life has set for us? If we consider Baruch Spinoza’s understanding of determinism, we see that he compares the universe to a clock, ...

However, once Kant’s in place, there is then a wider background to be read: philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Spinoza, and also theologians ... various dichotomies – such as freedom and ...

Created with Sketch. Determinism is the idea that every event, including every human action, is the result of previous events and the laws of nature. A belief in determinism that includes a ...

As he puts it in a discussion with Daniel Dennett in Aeon online magazine: “What we do and the way we are is ultimately the result of factors beyond our control, whether that be determinism, chance, ...