Conductive and photoconductive atomic force microscopy are variations of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Conductive AFM simply measures the electrical conductivity of materials while photoconductive ...

Over the last century, humans have experienced multiple severe viral outbreaks, including the Spanish flu and other influenza epidemics, HIV, SARS-CoV, MERS, Ebola, and the recent SARS-CoV2 pandemic.

AFM is particularly well-suited to working with soft materials in the field of nanomechanical measurements, owing to its piconewton force resolution and sub-nanometer vertical displacement accuracy.

Antiferromagnetic materials, with antiparallel atomic spins and zero net magnetization, are fast and resistant to external ...