Appellate court judges are expressing skepticism over President Donald Trump’s legal rationale for his broadest batch of tariffs.

Companies, consumers and foreign countries have been paying close attention to President Donald Trump’s aggressive policy of placing tariffs on foreign goods. Soon, the courts will weigh in on whether Trump has the power to levy those tariffs in the first place — a high-stakes legal battle that will either affirm a key pillar of Trump’s economic policy or cut it off at the knees.

The arguments underscored the financial stakes for U.S. importers as the Trump administration prepares to impose higher rates without the explicit approval of Congress.

France and Spain showed signs of resilience in the face of higher U.S. tariffs, while the German and Italian economies both contracted.